IhsouV

The name Jesus is an anglicized form of the Latin Iesus, which itself is derived from the Greek name Iesous.  Iesous was the Greek transliteration of the Aramaic name Yeshua, which itself was the later Aramaic form of the Hebrew name Yehoshua.[1]  

BIBLICAL USAGE
We can follow the development of this name by looking at references to Joshua the son of Nun, the successor to Moses.  Joshua was originally named Hoshea (Num. 13:16), but Moses changed it to Yehoshua (YHWH is salvation[2]) which has the Divine Name attached as a prefix.  Yehoshua was the common name for Joshua, but in later Biblical times the name was shortened to the form Yeshua.  This is evidenced in Nehemiah 8:17 where, in reference to Joshua, the Hebrew text[3] reads Yeshua in place of Yehoshua.  The Septuagint[4], an ancient Greek translation of the Hebrew Scriptures, renders Joshua’s name as Iesous in the Nehemiah passage as well as throughout the book of Joshua.  In transliterating to Greek, there is no “sh” sound, and this kind of noun requires an “–s” ending.  Iesous was the result.  In the New Testament there are two references to Joshua, Acts 7:45 and Hebrews 4:8.  In both of these places the Greek[5] uses the form Iesous, which most translations render as Joshua.  The King James Version, however, mistakenly translates it as Jesus in both cases, while in all other cases it does refer to Jesus Christ[6].  When the angel told Jospeh to name their child Iesous (Jesus), it was an already established common name that was the same as Joshua.

POST-BIBLICAL USAGE
As Christianity spread from the Middle East into Europe, Latin became the dominant language.  Messiah’s Greek name was transliterated as Iesu, Ihesu or Iesus but pronounced the same as the Greek form.  The letter “j” was a later development in the English language, not appearing in use until the Middle Ages[7].  Eventually his name was written in this manner, first as Jesu, then later as Jesus.

SPECIAL ISSUES
It is sometimes claimed that the name Jesus is somehow derived from the Greek god Zeus, and that Jesus' name should be pronounced and written as Yahshua instead of Yeshua or Y'shua.  One could repudiate this view on the basis of grammar and linguistics, but simply looking at the historical record in scripture is sufficient here.  As mentioned above, the Hebrew Bible, written and compiled by Jews, and the Greek Septuagint, translated by Jewish scholars in the PRE-CHRISTIAN ERA, use the form YESHUA in the Hebrew and IESOUS in the Greek of Nehemiah 8:17.  These were people who believed in the Sacred Name, and were not Christians.  So to argue that Jesus' or Joshua's name should be Yahshua has no historical basis.   When the New Testament (and subsequently the Church Fathers and other) used the form Iesous, it was following an already established JEWISH tradition. 

SUMMARY
Jesus grew up and lived in a cultural crossroad and multilingual society.  He most certainly knew Hebrew, since it was the written language of Scripture and was used in synagogue and temple services.  He also spoke Aramaic, since the New Testament gives examples of its use.[8] He probably spoke Greek as well, though we don’t know to what extent.  Among Hebrew and Aramaic-speaking people, including his mother and those at home, he was called Yeshua.  Among Greek-speaking people he was called Iesous.  Referring to Jesus today as Yeshua is perfectly acceptable, especially in Jewish culture, but it is not mandated.  On the contrary, the Scriptures are full of examples of people who went by more than one name or had both Hebrew and foreign names[10].  Today we shorten names, accept nicknames, and use aliases.  The Biblical pattern seems to be acceptance of name changes and variations.  In other words, they were just like us.  A fitting name, Yeshua means “salvation”[11] for “he will save his people from their sins” (Matt. 1:21) and is referred to in the New Testament as “the name that is above every name” (Philippians 4:3).